Genus Stenocypris Sars, 1889

Superfamily: Cypridoidea Baird, 1845
Family: Cyprididae Baird, 1845
Subfamily: Herpetocypridinae Kaufmann, 1900

Six species have been reported from Japan:

1. Stenocypris hirutai Smith & Kamiya, 2006

Additional figures in: Smith & Kamiya 2006; Smith 2011.

Habitat: Springs (Smith & Kamiya 2006), river gravels (Smith 2011) and a rice field (Tanaka et al. 2015).

Mode of life: Benthic, interstitial.

Reproduction mode: Asexual, males unknown.

Known distribution: Kagoshima Prefecture (Yakushima) (Smith & Kamiya 2006), Shiga Prefecture (Smith 2011) and Shizuoka Prefecture (Tanaka et al. 2015). Elsewhere, South Korea (Smith et al. 2014).

References:

⚬ Smith, R. J. 2011. Groundwater, spring and interstitial Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Shiga Prefecture, Japan, including descriptions of three new species and one new genus. Zootaxa, 3140, 15-37.

⚬ Smith, R. J. & Kamiya, T. 2006. Six new species of fresh and brackish water ostracods (Crustacea) from Yakushima, Southern Japan. Hydrobiologia, 559, 331 - 355.

⚬ Smith, R. J., Lee, J., & Chang, C. Y. 2014. Nonmarine Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Jeju Island, South Korea, including descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History, 49, 37-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.946110.

⚬ Tanaka, H., Kotorii, H., Yokozawa, K., Wakabayashi, F., Kimoto, K. & Sano, K. 2015. Distribution and occurrence of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) from southwest region of Mt. Fuji. TAXA, Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 38, 26-41. [In Japanese with English abstract.]

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2. Stenocypris hislopi Ferguson, 1969

Additional figures in: Ferguson 1969; Okubo 2004; Smith et al. 2011.

Habitat: Rice fields and Lake Biwa.

Mode of life: Nektobenthic.

Reproduction mode: Asexual, males unknown.

Known distribution: Shiga Prefecture (Smith et al. 2011), Okayama Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, Tokushima Prefecture (Okubo 1990), and Gumma Prefecture (Okubo & Ida 1989). Elsewhere, known from Korea (Kim & Min 1991; Chang et al. 2012), India (Victor & Fernando 1979), and Sri Lanka (Neale 1984).

References:

⚬ Chang, C. Y., Lee, J. & Smith, R. J. 2012. Nonmarine ostracods (Crustacea) from South Korea, including a description of a new species of Tanycypris Triebel (Cyprididae, Cypricercinae). Zootaxa, 3161, 1-19.

⚬ Ferguson, E. 1969. The type species of the genus Stenocypris Sars, 1889 with descriptions of two new species. In: Neal, J.W. (Ed.), The Taxonomy, Morphology and Ecology of Recent Ostracoda. Oliver and Boyd Ltd. Edinburgh, pp. 67-75.

⚬ Kim, W. & Min, G. S. 1991. Redescription of four Rcent freshwater ostracod (Crustacea: Ostracoda) species from Korea. Korean Journal of zoology, 34, 307-322.

⚬ Neale, J. W. 1984. The freshwater Ostracoda. Ecology and Biogeography in Sri Lanka. Monographie Biologicae, 57, 171-194.

⚬ Okubo, I. 1990. Sixteen species of freshwater ostracoda from Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 45, 39-50.

⚬ Okubo, I. & Ida, K. 1989. Freshwater Ostracoda from Gunma Prefecture, Japan (In Japanese). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 44, 105-107.

⚬ Okubo, I. 2004. Nihon tansui san kaimijinko rui ni tsuite. Kabushikigaisha Sanmon Insatsusho, Okayama, Japan, 72pp. [In Japanese, privately published].

⚬ Smith, R. J., Janz, H. & Okubo, I. 2011. Recent Cyprididae and Ilyocyprididae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Lake Biwa, Japan, including a summary of the lake's ostracod fauna. Zootaxa, 2874, 1 - 37.

⚬ Victor, R. & Fernando, C. H. 1979. The freshwater ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) of India. Records of the Zoological survey of India, 74, 147-242.

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3. Stenocypris major (Baird, 1859)

Figures in: Okubo 1975; Okubo & Ida 1989 (as Stenocypris malcolmsoni); Okubo 2004.

Habitat: Rice fields (Okubo 1990; Okubo 2004; Tanaka et al. 2015); pools in caves, open concrete well, concrete ditch, concrete basin, springs, ponds, turtle pond (Broodbakker, 1988).

Mode of life: nektobenthic (swimmer).

Reproduction mode: Asexual, males unknown.

Known distribution: Okayama Prefecture (Okubo 1975); Nagasaki Prefecture (Okubo 1975); Gumma Prefecture (Okubo & Ida 1989, as Stenocypris malcolmsoni); Hiroshima Prefecture (Broodbakker 1988); Yamaguchi Prefecture (Broodbakker 1988); Kagoshima Prefecture (Broodbakker 1988); Okinawa (Broodbakker 1988); Shizuoka Prefecture (Tanaka et al. 2015). Elsewhere, see notes.

Notes: This species has been reported from many areas, but as there has been a lot of taxonomic confusion regarding this species, at least some previous records are probably mistaken identifications (Victor & Fernando 1981). Its true distribution is therefore unclear, but it is probably widespread in Asia. Some Japanese specimens have an irregular lobe-like extension on the posterior calcified inner lamella (Okubo & Ida 1989, plate 2 A & B; Okubo 2004, fig. 15 a & b).

References:

⚬ Broodbakker, N. W. 1988. Ecology and distribution of groundwater Crustacea and freshwater Ostracoda in SW Honshu and the Nansei Islands, Japan. Verlagen en Technische Gegevens Institute voor Taxonomische Zoologie, 53, 1-21.

⚬ Okubo, I. 1975. Stenocypris major (Baird, 1859) from Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 31, 1-6.

⚬ Okubo, I. & Ida, K. 1989. Freshwater Ostracoda from Gunma Prefecture, Japan (In Japanese). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 44, 105-107.

⚬ Okubo, I. 1990. Sixteen species of freshwater Ostracoda from Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 45, 39-50.

⚬ Okubo, I. 2004. Nihon tansui san kaimijinko rui ni tsuite. Kabushikigaisha Sanmon Insatsusho, Okayama, Japan, 72pp. [In Japanese, privately published].

⚬ Tanaka, H., Kotorii, H., Yokozawa, K., Wakabayashi, F., Kimoto, K. & Sano, K. 2015. Distribution and occurrence of freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) from southwest region of Mt. Fuji. TAXA, Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 38, 26-41. [In Japanese with English abstract.]

⚬ Victor, R. & Fernando, C. H. 1981. Freshwater Ostracoda of the genera Chrissia Hartmann, 1957 and Stenocypris Sars, 1889 from Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Museum und Institut, 78, 151-168.

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4. Stenocypris malayica Victor & Fernando, 1981

Additional figures in: Victor & Fernando, 1981; Meisch et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2011.

Habitat: Littoral zone of Lake Biwa. Outside of Japan, known from taro paddy fields and a pond.

Mode of life: Nektobenthic (swimmer).

Reproduction mode: Asexual, males unknown.

Known distribution: Shiga Prefecture (Smith et al., 2011), Malaysia, Indonesia (Victor & Fernando 1981), and Oceania (Meisch et al. 2007).

References:

⚬ Meisch, C., Mary-Sasal, N., Colin, J-P. & Wouters, K. 2007. Freshwater Ostracoda (Crustacea) collected from the islands of Futuna and Wallis, Pacific Ocean, with a checklist of the non-marine Ostracoda of the Pacific Islands. Bulletin de la Societe des naturalistes luxembourgeois, 108, 89-103.

⚬ Smith, R. J., Janz, H. & Okubo, I. 2011. Recent Cyprididae and Ilyocyprididae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Lake Biwa, Japan, including a summary of the lake's ostracod fauna. Zootaxa, 2874, 1-37.

⚬ Victor, R. & Fernando, C.H. 1981. Freshwater Ostracoda of the genera Chrissia Hartmann, 1957 and Stenocypris Sars, 1889 from Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 78, 151-168.

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5. Stenocypris tsukagoshii Smith & Kamiya, 2006

Additional figures in: Smith & Kamiya 2006.

Habitat: Springs (Smith & Kamiya 2006).

Mode of life: Benthic, interstitial.

Reproduction mode: Asexual, males unknown.

Known distribution: Kagoshima (Yakushima) (Smith & Kamiya 2006).

References:

⚬ Smith, R. J. & Kamiya, T. 2006. Six new species of fresh and brackish water ostracods (Crustacea) from Yakushima, Southern Japan. Hydrobiologia, 559, 331 - 355.

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6. Stenocypris viridis Okubo, 1990

Figures in: Okubo & Ida 1989 (as Stenocypris sp. A); Okubo 1990; Okubo 2004.

Habitat: Rice fields (Okubo 1990; 2004).

Mode of life: Nektobenthic (swimmer).

Reproduction mode: Asexual, males unknown.

Known distribution: Gumma Prefecture (Okubo & Ida 1989, as Stenocypris sp. A; Okubo 1990); Okayama Prefecture (Okubo 1990).

Notes: According to Okubo (1990), this species differs from Stenocypris hislopi "in the coloration, the inclination and shortness of the dorsal margin, and the ornamentation of the furca."

References:

⚬ Okubo, I. 1990. Sixteen species of freshwater Ostracoda from Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 45, 39-50.

⚬ Okubo, I. 2004. Nihon tansui san kaimijinko rui ni tsuite. Kabushikigaisha Sanmon Insatsusho, Okayama, Japan, 72pp. [In Japanese, privately published].

⚬ Okubo, I. & Ida, K. 1989. Freshwater Ostracoda from Gunma Prefecture, Japan (In Japanese). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 44, 105-107.

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